Date of Publication : 29th June 2024

Abstract:In today's digital environment, where many attacks threaten important information and important processes, cyber security is still the most important topic, especially in computer networks. This article provides an in-depth look at the various types of attacks available on computer networks and explores the evolving strategies cybercriminals use to exploit vulnerabilities and infiltrate systems. The research draws on professional, international legal, and international research data to provide a comprehensive analysis of cyber threats and countermeasures seen worldwide in the past year. It identifies malware, phishing, DDoS (distributed denial of service), ransomware, and insider threats, showing their mechanisms and potential impacts on organizations and individuals. Additionally, this article explores emerging cyberattacks in the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem and digital substations, including business plans, and highlights security challenges specifically designed by Industry 4.0 standards and distributed hardware and software architectures. By combining research results and recommendations, this article provides recommendations for improving cyber defense strategies, including threat detection, strong authentication mechanisms, encryption protocols, and personnel training. This research aims to promote a deeper understanding of cyber threats and vulnerabilities in computer networks, helping stakeholders develop strategies to mitigate and prevent change.[1].

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