Date of Publication : September 2026

Abstract: Schizophrenia is a serious neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by a prevalence rate of 0.5%-1% across the world that is one of the main causes of disability around the world. Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous disorder consisting of positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions, negative symptoms like flat affect and social isolation, and cognitive dysfunction related to attention, memory, and executive functions. All of these result in poor functioning, low quality of life, and increased mortality among others. Although many studies have been performed over the years to understand schizophrenia better, the mechanism of the illness has still not been discovered, resulting in a lack of proper diagnosis and treatment methods for the illness. However, recent advancements in neuroimaging, genomics, and artificial intelligence have made the study of schizophrenia possible through improved ability to characterize abnormalities in the brain and biomarker identification for the illness. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the causality, neurobiology, symptoms, and treatment methods of schizophrenia, with a focus on neuroimaging and artificial intelligence.

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